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Glucagon regulates the transition from hepatic glucose utili
2022-03-22
Glucagon regulates the transition from hepatic glucose utilisation in the absorptive state to glucagon production in the post-absorptive state by acute stimulation of glycogenolysis and inhibition of glycolysis [1]. An important component of this response is the phosphorylation of liver PFK2/FBPase2
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Importantl
2022-03-22
Materials and methods Results Discussion Importantly, we observed that treatment with DA3-CH could reduce the pathophysiological processes in the hippocampal CA1 area after SE. At present, the unimolecular dual incretin receptor agonist has been developed as a treatment for type 2 diabetes,
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Communication through GJ channels is regulated at different
2022-03-22
Communication through GJ channels is regulated at different levels and includes GJ plaque internalization into a single cell. Those vesicles contain the membrane of both cells and th assembled Cx43. The C-terminal domain of Cx43 interacts with different peptides and proteins. However, the internaliz
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As demonstrated by Bayliss Bayliss myogenic response is
2022-03-22
As demonstrated by Bayliss Bayliss, [22] myogenic response is the ability of the blood vessels to contract in response to intraluminal pressure elevation. This is intrinsic to VSMCs, particularly in small arteries (dimeter NPS-2143 hydrochloride australia polymerization within VSMCs in response to
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All models used here rely on WT FGFR
2022-03-22
All models used here rely on WT FGFR3, which is activated by exogenous FGF ligand to alter chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. This approach toward modeling the aberrant FGFR signaling in cartilage differs from the actual situation in ACH or TD, where the chondrocytes are exposed to long-
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Due to the presence of all FGFRs in the
2022-03-22
Due to the presence of all FGFRs in the epithelium, there are several FGFs ligands that could be binding to these FGF receptors, namely FGFs 1–4, 8–10, 16 and 18–20. By evaluating the known roles of FGFs in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and in bone development, this list can be reduced. For ex
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The typical pharmacophore for GPR agonists
2022-03-22
The typical pharmacophore for GPR40 agonists contains four parts: head (acid moiety), central (phenyl ring), linker and tail (aromatic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring) [20]. On the other hand, the chemical features that are required for the PPARγ agonists include hydrogen bond donors and acceptors
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Active compounds and were further tested and EC and
2022-03-22
Active compounds , , and were further tested and EC and pEC values were determined as shown in . Compound showed EC of 0.97μM (pEC 6.01) with 84.5% maximal response, which suggests that introduction of alkyl chain on aromatic nucleus of , resulted in improved GPR40 agonistic activity than that of
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Moreover studies on subcellular localization of FBPase in ca
2022-03-22
Moreover, studies on subcellular localization of FBPase in carp heart and smooth muscle revealed nuclear localization of the enzyme. Previously, we have unequivocally demonstrated the presence of FBPase in the nuclei of mammalian cardiomyocytes (Gizak and Dzugaj, 2003) and myocytes (Gizak et al., 20
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The concentration of rapamycin that gave half
2022-03-21
The concentration of rapamycin that gave half-maximal induction of the expression of HO-1 and Prx-1 mRNA in normal hepatocytes was 0.05 μM, with maximal induction at about 0.1 μM rapamycin. While, at rapamycin concentrations higher than 0.1 μM, the degree of enzyme induction decreased, elevated expr
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It has been reported that CD glioma stem
2022-03-21
It has been reported that CD133+ glioma stem AZD6738 are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ) therapy [155]. Dose dependent TMZ treatment of CD133+ cells enhanced activities of the Notch and SHh pathways [156]. Moreover, 500 μmol/L TMZ induced a significant upregulation of Gli1, HES1 and HES5 transcript
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In conclusion three heat stable cyclic peptides guanylin
2022-03-21
In conclusion, three heat-stable cyclic peptides, guanylin, uroguanylin and renoguanylin are expressed in the intestine and kidney of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. Their physiological functions are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by two isoforms of the guanylate cyclase type C recept
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Diclazuril australia br Declaration of interest br Acknowled
2022-03-21
Declaration of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from the Polish National Science Centre (PRELUDIUM grant no. 2013/11/N/NZ5/00270) and the European Commission FP7 Project Beta-JUDO (grant number 279 153), European Union EIT Health project DeTecT2D, Swedish Diabetes A
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Itraconazole sale In the present study administration
2022-03-21
In the present study, administration of both muscimol and bicuculline also affected the biosynthesis of GnRHR. A significant decrease in GnRHR level in the POA, AH, VMH and SME following muscimol treatment as well as the opposite effect induced by bicuculline indicates that GnRHR gene expression is,
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br Material and methods br Results
2022-03-21
Material and methods Results Discussion The inhibitory action of a GABA agonist, muscimol, on the level of mRNA encoding GnRH in the POA-hypothalamus [25] of follicular-phase sheep has suggested that at the hypothalamic level GABA may exert a suppressive effect on subsequent steps of the Gn
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