• A main finding of this study was

  2021-11-17

  

  A main finding of this study was that the impact of exogenous insulin on hippocampal memory and glucose utilization was GluT4-dependent. Although insulin was administered directly to the hippocampus, it is important to point out that such administration does indeed have physiological relevance; that

• Glucagon was described as an insulin

  2021-11-17

  

  Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as early as 1965 (Samols et al., 1965). Our studies extend these findings by demonstrating that this is a direct effect mediated by distinct receptors in the mouse pancreas. Previous experiments on isolated β ambroxol hydrochloride clearly show that

• br Results br Discussion Glucose homeostasis

  2021-11-17

  

  Results Discussion Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a complex and intricate signaling network involving multiple organs. The BA nuclear receptor FXR is integrated into this regulatory network and participates in glucose handling and metabolism. Intestinal FXR favors glucose Aldicarb synthes

• A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase gene

  2021-11-17

  

  A mutation in stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 gene was reported to reduce sebum production and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) synthesis in mice, which was accompanied with impaired clearance of gram-positive bacteria-induced skin infection (Georgel et al., 2005). Interestingly, gram-positive ba

• Thus aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of

  2021-11-17

  

  Thus, aldolase catalyzing the reversible reaction of F1,6-P2 synthesis is involved in the formation of the glyconeogenic or glycolytic complex, dependently on the physiological state of the cell. In the process of glycogen synthesis, the enzyme not only supplies the substrate for FBPase and desensit

• br Conflict of interests br Acknowledgements This work was s

  2021-11-17

  

  Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health grants HD058577 and ES01678 to Kirill Kiselyov. We thank Sreeram Ravi for technical support. We also thank Mike Myers at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute Flow Cytometry Facility.

• br Memories can last a

  2021-11-17

  

  Memories can last a lifetime, long after the transient events have passed. The fact that information stored in the ampk inhibitor can outlast the environmental trigger implies that enduring cellular changes in the central nervous system underlie memory. Epigenetic modifications of DNA and chromat

• Introduction Histamine H Imidazol yl ethanamine mol

  2021-11-17

  

  Introduction Histamine (2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine), mol.w. 111.15 g/mol belongs to biogenic amines, which arise in foodstuffs from amino acids by action of microorganism´s or tissue enzymes. Histamine (HA) is formed from the amino herpes simplex virus 2 L-histidine by action of enzyme histidin

• In conclusion these data in combination with previously

  2021-11-17

  

  In conclusion, these data in combination with previously described reports of GC-B being inactivated by dephosphorylation in response to other signaling molecules, strongly suggests that distinct hormonal systems inactivate GC-B by a general dephosphorylation mechanism. Identification of the modifie

• A linker length of and atoms was found to be

  2021-11-16

  

  A linker length of 4 and 5 atoms was found to be optimal ( and ) compared to the only weakly active compounds with longer linkers ( and ) or the inactive compounds with shorter linker chains (–). In a next step incorporation of hetero-atoms in the linker was explored (). An amide linker as in and d

• During the structural transition the FD the PHD and the

  2021-11-16

  

  During the structural transition, the FD, the PHD and the TrD retain their tertiary structure. Nevertheless, they undergo large rearrangements in their relative orientation due to secondary changes in hinge segments (R1 to R5) which refold during the low-pH induced conformational change. Particularl

• While CART increased circulating levels of GIP and

  2021-11-16

  

  While CART increased circulating levels of GIP and GLP-1 in vivo, we were unable to detect any effect of exogenous CART on GIP and GLP-1 mRNA expression or GLP-1 secretion in vitro. There is no ready explanation for this discrepancy. The CART doses used (both in vivo and in vitro) have been shown to

• br Voltage dependent anion channel VDAC is

  2021-11-16

  

  Voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous protein showing well conserved structural and functional properties in spite of major variations in its sequence (for review see [50]). Most of what we know about VDAC electrophysiological properties (for reviews, see [51], [52]) was initially

• br Gap junctions hemichannels and

  2021-11-16

  

  Gap junctions, hemichannels and connexins: Molecular characteristics and function Cell-to-cell communication is of extreme importance in tissue homeostasis, which is maintained by transmission of regulatory signals (Fig. 1). Intercellular communication via gap junctions (GJs) represents one of th

• In the present study the relative mRNA expression levels of

  2021-11-16

  

  In the present study, the relative mRNA p53 inhibitor levels of CsLCCH3 and Cs8916 subunits in the egg were the highest, which were consistent with those of LsLCCH3 and Ls8916 from L. striatellus (Wei et al., 2017b) and were also similar to CsRDLs (Sheng et al., 2018; Meng et al., 2018). Overall, th

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