• In mammals meiotic maturation is the process that couples

  2021-09-07

  

  In mammals, meiotic maturation is the process that couples completion of MI with the acquisition of developmental competence to support fertilization (Figure 1). In females there are several hallmark maturation events that are linked to the cell cycle. First, meiosis is not continuous, it is initiat

• The NF B family of transcription factors is involved

  2021-09-07

  

  The NF-κB family of transcription factors is involved in acquisition of resistance to anticancer drugs as well as to apoptosis. NF-κB-mediated mdr1 gene upregulation is part of the anti-apoptotic protection mechanism of proximal tubule (PT) tetracycline hydrochloride against cadmium-induced oxidativ

• br S NO signalling during the

  2021-09-07

  

  (S)NO signalling during the plant immune response Redox signalling molecules must exhibit specificity for their target substrate. Moreover, a given redox-based modification must be reversible to ensure transient signalling. Oxidative cysteine (Cys) modifications are integral to a variety of redox

• Alamethicin receptor Introduction Multiple sclerosis MS a

  2021-09-07

  

  Introduction Multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurological autoimmune disease, is driven by CD4+ Alamethicin receptor of the T helper (TH) cells [1]. There is no curative treatment for MS and the present treatments typically focus on immunomodulation for slowing the progression of the disease. These inc

• Among the symbiotic bacteria contained in the probiotics

  2021-09-07

  

  Among the symbiotic bacteria contained in the probiotics, lactic-acid-producing bacteria (LAB) have been suggested to confer broad spectrums of health benefits, such as activation of mucosal and systemic immunity and resistance to infectious illnesses (Schiffrin et al., 1995, Wells and Mercenier, 20

• There is abundant literature about different functional

  2021-09-07

  

  There is abundant literature about different functional aspects of the cannabinoid system (Badal et al., 2017, Balenga et al., 2011, Henderson-Redmond et al., 2016, Nair et al., 2015); however, not a great deal is known about the mechanism by which ethanol impacts its function in connection to the i

• Cortisol is a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced by the

  2021-09-07

  

  Cortisol is a natural glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. Its secretion is stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system, and its main function is to mobilize energy to protect the homeostasis of vital biochemical processes during physical and psychological stress [14]. Chronic lev

• Although both receptors mGluR and

  2021-09-07

  

  Although both receptors, mGluR1 and mGluR5, are present in cortical and hippocampal areas from 1 to 2 weeks old neonates (López-Bendito et al., 2002) we have found that only mGluR1 was regulated after maternal l-Glu consumption. A possible explanation could be based on the different ontogenetic prof

• monensin GPR can signal through not only

  2021-09-07

  

  GPR40 can signal through not only IP3 but also cAMP depending upon the type of agonist ligand used. A full agonist engages both signaling mechanisms in contrast to the endogenous long-chain fatty monensin (LCFA) ligands and partial agonists. Thus, stimulation of GPR40 by endogenous LCFAs or by the s

• Ion Channel Compound Library Our study has some limitations

  2021-09-07

  

  Our study has some limitations that should be considered when the results are interpreted. First, we did not measure the protein levels of Bax and Bcl2, due to time and budget limitations. Although simultaneous measurements of both mRNA and protein levels are complementary for a better understanding

• ATP is essential for maintaining

  2021-09-07

  

  ATP is essential for maintaining the ionic balance of the lens (Michael and Bron, 2011). Without sufficient ATP there is an ionic imbalance due to Na+K+ATPase dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that rabbit lenses incubated ex vivo without glucose rapidly lost ATP in their lens epithelium and f

• The dorsal horn of the spinal cord shows a high

  2021-09-07

  

  The dorsal horn of the spinal cord shows a high density of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, particularly in the superficial spinal laminae (laminae I and II), where primary afferents carrying nociceptive and thermoreceptive inputs terminate and synapse on spinal second-order neurons (Engelman et al.,

• In addition this study also showed no obvious

  2021-09-07

  

  In addition, this study also showed no obvious increase in apoptosis but obvious increase in necrosis after WZB117 treatment. The possible reason is that apoptosis is an ATP-utilizing process which is an active and programmed form of cell death. In contrast, necrosis is an uncontrolled or pathologic

• br Ghrelin actions in the central nervous

  2021-09-07

  

  Ghrelin actions in the central nervous system Ghrelin induces thymopoeisis GHS-R1a is expressed in immune cells, including thymocytes and T-cells [13]. Infusion of ghrelin increases the number of thymocytes and thymus size in 14-, 20-, and 24-month-old mice, and with decreased thymic adiposity

• br Secretase modulators a loss of

  2021-09-06

  

  γ-Secretase modulators: a loss of pharmacology? A lack of translation from in vitro to in vivo pharmacology is an unresolved issue among most GSMs. R-flurbiprofen was tested in clinical trials, however, it did not achieve statistical significance on either of its primary endpoints – cognition or

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