• Many filarial species harbor an endosymbiotic bacterium

  2021-06-28

  

  Many filarial species harbor an endosymbiotic bacterium of the genus Wolbachia. A recent investigation of Wolbachia distribution in 35 filarial species including 28 species and 7 genera and/or subgenera have shown that 37% of them harbor Wolbachia (Ferri et al., 2011). In filarial nematodes, Wolbach

• br Introduction Lycium barbarum also known as wolfberry

  2021-06-28

  

  Introduction Lycium barbarum, also known as wolfberry, belongs to the plant family Solanaceae. Red-coloured fruits of L. barbarum are used as traditional Chinese herbal medicine to promote health and longevity and as a food supplement for thousands of years [1]. They possess many biological activ

• A surprising second functional effect was found in culture e

  2021-06-28

  

  A surprising second functional effect was found in culture experiments. Inclusion of LTD4 reduced the frequency of Fas receptor (CD95) expression. Once again, this effect, although modest, was reversed by a cysLT1 receptor antagonist. The biologic significance of this effect or its mechanism remaine

• Under optimized assay conditions very low concentrations pM

  2021-06-28

  

  Under optimized assay conditions, very low concentrations (20pM) of [125I]YP20 bound to hCRF1-CHO FK-228 membranes with high specificity (>95% inhibited by 1μM astressin) and in a membrane protein-dependent manner. Specific binding was selective vs. the hCRF2α subtype because little specific bindin

• Cot MAP K is the sole MAP K

  2021-06-28

  

  Cot (MAP3K8) is the sole MAP3K that activates the MEK1/2-Erk1/2 following the activation of the TLR/IL-1 receptor superfamily as well as some receptors of the TNF receptor family [8], [9], [10] and mediates the production of chemokines and cytokines in different cell systems [reviewed in [11]]. Thus

• RCT pathway plays a critical role in

  2021-06-25

  

  RCT pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis by facilitating the cholesterol clearance and cholesterol efflux (Levinson & Wagner, 2015). In the process of RCT, ABCA1 and ABCG1 played as crucial regulators in cholesterol efflux (Yasuda et al., 2011). Compared with

• DY131 receptor In the previous study glutamyl endopeptidase

  2021-06-25

  

  In the previous study glutamyl endopeptidase of B. intermedius has been reported to be distributed in the DY131 receptor of B. intermedius as follows: 90% of synthesized enzyme has been detected in the culture liquid, 9.3% of glutamyl endopeptidase—in the fraction of membrane proteins [20]. The dis

• Aminothiazole derivatives have been reported

  2021-06-25

  

  2-Aminothiazole derivatives have been reported to contain antiviral [17], anti-inflammatory [18], and antimicrobial [19] activities. The in vitro anticancer studies showed that different 2-aminothiazole derivatives possess selective and potent inhibitory effect against wide-ranging human cancerous c

• Several eukaryotic E enzymes including

  2021-06-25

  

  Several eukaryotic E3 enzymes, including BRE1 [49], RNF8 [50], and RAD18 [24], [51], have been reported to partner with UBE2B in the ubiquitination of various targets. We examined the expression levels of these E3 enzymes in HONE1 and TW01 cells; RAD18 was highly expressed in these aldehyde dehydrog

• br Substoichiometric substrate modification E ligases cataly

  2021-06-25

  

  Substoichiometric substrate modification E3 ligases catalyze the rapid transfer of the SUMOD from the E2 enzyme to the substrate. By definition, enzymes are recycled in the reaction, allowing multiple rounds of substrate modification by a single enzyme. Thus, enzymes function at substoichiometric

• Introduction Determining how genes function together

  2021-06-25

  

  Introduction Determining how genes function together as biological systems is a defining challenge of the genomic era. While genome sequences reveal the DNA blueprint of organisms, deciphering how this blueprint leads to biological function is challenging due in large part to the complexity of prot

• In a study carried out by

  2021-06-25

  

  In a study carried out by Aunis et al. the properties of soluble DBH and membrane bound were examined [23]. The membrane bound enzyme was shown in VX-950 to the soluble form to have thermal denaturation at higher temperatures of 43.5–44°C. Similar discontinuities in the Arrhenius plots were obtaine

• Although both DNA DSBs and DNA PK activity increase

  2021-06-25

  

  Although both DNA DSBs and DNA-PK activity increase with aging in skeletal muscle (Figure 1), we cannot conclude that aging-associated increase in DNA-PK activity is solely mediated by chromosomal breaks, as DNA-PK is also activated independently of chromosomal breaks by ROS (Li et al., 2014), which

• Mild cognitive impairment MCI is a

  2021-06-24

  

  Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical transitional stage between normal aging and Alzheimer disease (AD) [1]. Approximate 15–30% MCI patients convert to AD annually. Although many efforts have been taken to prevent the conversion from MCI to AD [2], [3], there are few biomarkers to predict t

• br Conclusions and future perspectives

  2021-06-24

  

  Conclusions and future perspectives It is now evident that selective ETA or nonselective endothelin receptor antagonism provides therapeutic potentials against a variety of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, PAH, and diabetic microvascular dysfunction (Fig. 1). However, PAH is currentl

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