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In this study we generated mice in
2020-10-30
In this study we generated mice in which the native Bcl6 locus was engineered to produce a form of Bcl6 containing a mutant RD2 domain that disrupts its repressor function. We found that RD2 domain is essential for pre-GC B cell differentiation and clustering into nascent GC within follicles, in par
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion br Conflic
2020-10-30
Materials and methods Results Discussion Conflict of interest Introduction Dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the congenital absence of DβH, the enzyme converting dopamine to noradrenaline in sympathetic nerve terminals and
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The overall shape of p
2020-10-30
The overall shape of p110α/iSH2 is dramatically different from DGKB or SK1, instead of forming a homodimer, p110α/iSH2 heterodimer has a triangular shape with iSH2 laying on the top and ABD, RBD, helical and kinase domain of p110α sitting in the bottom (Fig. 2B) (Gabelli et al., 2010; Huang et al.,
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van Linden et al developed a comprehensive guide that
2020-10-30
van Linden et al. developed a comprehensive guide that describes drug and ligand binding to more than 1200 human and mouse protein kinase domains [77]. Their KLIFS (kinase–ligand interaction fingerprint and structure) directory includes an alignment of 85 potential ligand binding-site residues occur
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Cot MAP K is the sole MAP K that activates
2020-10-30
Cot (MAP3K8) is the sole MAP3K that activates the MEK1/2-Erk1/2 following the activation of the TLR/IL-1 receptor superfamily as well as some receptors of the TNF receptor family [8], [9], [10] and mediates the production of chemokines and cytokines in different cell systems [reviewed in [11]]. Thus
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It has only recently been appreciated that antigen activated
2020-10-29
It has only recently been appreciated that antigen-activated KU-60019 synthesis undertake two additional transient migrations during the early stages of T-dependent antibody responses. In the first of these, antigen-activated B cells migrate rapidly (within 2–3h) to the outer regions of the follicl
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Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major
2020-10-29
Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor that leads to tumorigenesis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a common tumor suppressor, the M871 of which is often downregulated or even absent in the majority of human cancers, functions as a phosphatase to depho
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Diclofenac ibuprofen and meloxicam are considered among the
2020-10-29
Diclofenac, ibuprofen, and meloxicam are considered among the most commonly used NSAIDs in many countries [4]. Cardiovascular events were reported with these NSAIDs in several clinical studies. In this study, we provide novel information that diclofenac and ibuprofen altered gene expression and may
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In conclusion the present study demonstrates that E s antiap
2020-10-29
In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that E2\'s antiapoptotic effects are significantly reduced by coadministration of progestogens. The combination of E2 and progestogens resulted in diverging effects on the expressions of ERs and PRs, which induced different effects on the cell growth of
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In a study performed simultaneously by another group
2020-10-29
In a study performed simultaneously by another group, EWS-FLI-1 introduction into unsorted murine bone marrow-derived 8-Bromo-cGMP, sodium salt resulted in tumors with various phenotypes including one that is consistent with that of Ewing sarcoma [68]. The tumors expressed markers associated with E
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We continued to investigate the
2020-10-29
We continued to investigate the contribution of the EP1 CPI-455 to nociceptive sensitization by utilizing its natural ligand PGE and tested the effect of local subcutaneous injection of PGE (5nmol in 5μl) into one hindpaw on mechanical and heat pain thresholds. Wild-type mice displayed maximum sens
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ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the
2020-10-29
ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the ER chaperone (GRP78, GRP94) and the activation of the ER resident caspase-12. ER stress response (also known as the unfolded protein response) is a defense mechanism against various cellular stresses which causes accumulation of unfolded proteins i
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br Oxysterols as Key Players in Metabolic Syndrome
2020-10-29
Oxysterols as Key Players in Metabolic Syndrome? Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are on the rise and pose serious threats to people\'s health and wellbeing. Obesity is often associated with other pathologies and is one of the criteria included in the definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (see G
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Valproic acid VPA is a
2020-10-29
Valproic SGX523 (VPA) is a first-line treatment for epilepsy and bipolar disorder, although its therapeutic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Considerable evidence suggests that VPA can act through the GABAergic system, NMDA receptors, and/or sodium channels (for review, see Löscher, 1999
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br Anti inflammatory effects of MTX In addition
2020-10-29
Anti-inflammatory effects of MTX In addition to cytotoxic and cytostatic effects, the anti-inflammatory activity of MTX was also described by several studies. Inhibition of ATIC by MTX has been found to result in the accumulation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-d-ribofuranosyl 5′-monophosph
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