• It was reported that the

  2020-04-10

  

  It was reported that the expressions of DPP-4 and SDF-1α increase through HIF-1α [27], [28]. Myocardial ischemia by MI enhanced the DPP-4 and SDF-1α levels in myocardium in the present study. SDF-1α is released from cardiomyocytes and has beneficial effects on cardiomyocytes through SDF-1α/CXCR4 aft

• Our previous studies have demonstrated that the DDR discoidi

  2020-04-10

  

  Our previous studies have demonstrated that the DDR2 discoidin domain fully contains the binding site(s) for the fibrillar collagens I and II (Leitinger, 2003, Leitinger et al., 2004). The binding site for collagen I was mapped to three spatially adjacent surface loops within the DDR2 discoidin doma

• Regarding the mechanism of action of

  2020-04-10

  

  Regarding the mechanism of action of CRF, several studies have shown that low doses of CRF may preferentially activate CRF1 receptors in glutamatergic projection neurons, serotoninergic neurons or glutamatergic collaterals in the medial prefrontal cortex (Vertes, 2004). Indeed, prosencephalic inacti

• br Materials and Methods br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2020-04-10

  

  Materials and Methods Acknowledgements Introduction The discoidin domain receptors, DDR1 and DDR2, are two closely related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that contain a discoidin (DS) homology domain in their extracellular regions. The DDRs were initially discovered by homology cloning ba

• The action of pt PGE as

  2020-04-10

  

  The action of 17-pt-PGE2 as an EP1 receptor agonist [34] was demonstrated in several experimental settings, including cancer, neurons, vascular system, kidney and was confirmed by application of EP1 receptor selective antagonists [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41]. Receptor binding studies in

• To compare the phage of

  2020-04-10

  

  To compare the phage of the 4th round results, we conducted isolated single rounds of FGE screening as described above for the 4 individual phage 4(1), 4(2), 4(3), and NC then determined the number of colony forming units afforded by cleavage from the support. Interestingly, we found that the 4(2) s

• Although both DNA DSBs and DNA PK activity

  2020-04-10

  

  Although both DNA DSBs and DNA-PK activity increase with aging in skeletal muscle (Figure 1), we cannot conclude that aging-associated increase in DNA-PK activity is solely mediated by chromosomal breaks, as DNA-PK is also activated independently of chromosomal breaks by ROS (Li et al., 2014), which

• A recent analysis of urine samples collected from men

  2020-04-10

  

  A recent analysis of 2721 urine samples collected from 245 men and 408 women across the US general population between 2005 and 2010 showed that MP, PP and BuP were measurable in 99.9%, 98.3% and 73.6% of samples from women and 99.3%, 90.2% and 35.9% of samples from men, respectively (Smith et al., 2

• In the context of food allergy it is hypothesized

  2020-04-10

  

  In the context of food allergy it is hypothesized that intestinal barrier dysfunction might contribute to both antigen sensitization and the IgE/mast cell mediated effector phase of allergic disease, however no concluding data has been published to date [5]. An understanding of the mechanism of prim

• While we previously demonstrated that TraG is inhibited by s

  2020-04-09

  

  While we previously demonstrated that TraG is inhibited by specific transglycosylase inhibitors and that enzymatic activity is strongly reduced upon mutation of the potential catalytic core (Arends et al., 2013), the enzymatic mechanism of both domains was not assigned. Here, by mass spectrometry an

• Cryptosporidium is a protist causing serious diarrhea in hum

  2020-04-09

  

  Cryptosporidium is a protist causing serious diarrhea in humans and other animals (Bouzid et al. 2013). In its mitosomes, the most reduced forms of mitochondria, it is assumed that the membrane potential is generated by a simple respiratory chain consisting of transhydrogenase, type II NADH dehydrog

• Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues

  2020-04-09

  

  Although BPA has been proven to cause many health issues such as obesity and neurological toxicity (Rubin, 2011), the effects and mechanisms of BPA on the human tumorigenesis and cancer development are still not well illustrated. In the present study, we found that 10 to 10M BPA significantly promot

• Another important new result that has expanded the range of

  2020-04-09

  

  Another important new result that has expanded the range of functions of iPLA2-VIA in physiology and pathophysiology is its implication in macrophage polarization under stimulation conditions. Ashley et al. [129] described in peritoneal macrophages from Pla2g6−/− mice that the absence of iPLA2-VIA f

• lysophospholipid receptor br Activatable photoacoustic probe

  2020-04-09

  

  Activatable photoacoustic probes Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a recently developed technique [47]. The imaging approach uses probes that absorb a pulsed laser beam and convert light energy into acoustic signals. It combines the advantages of the high sensitivity offered by optical imaging and th

• br Multi subunit RINGs There are RING

  2020-04-09

  

  Multi-subunit RINGs There are RING-type E3s that exist as multi-subunit assemblies (see Fig. 3B). A striking example is the Cullin RING Ligase (CRL) superfamily [35], which exhibits enormous plasticity in substrate specificity. Each CRL subfamily is characterized by a cullin protein (Cul-1, 2, 3,

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