• sc4 library Concholepas concholepas our model species for th

  2020-01-20

  

  Concholepas concholepas, our model species for this study, is a marine gastropod found along the Chilean coast that has become commercially important [25], [26], [27]. Until now, the main focus of immunology related to C. concholepas is the production of a novel hemocyanin that has been useful for t

• The important role of miRNAs in cellular differentiation has

  2020-01-20

  

  The important role of miRNAs in cellular differentiation has been proposed recently. Previous studies had suggested roles for different miRNAs during osteogenesis [20]. Certain miRNAs could promote osteoblast differentiation, such as miR-194 [20], whereas others could inhibit the cell differentiatio

• br Results br Discussion Repair by NHEJ implicitly

  2020-01-20

  

  Results Discussion Repair by NHEJ implicitly requires the pairing together of broken chromosome ends. A complex of Ku, XRCC4, DNA ligase IV, and XLF (PEC) is necessary and sufficient for this purpose (Reid et al., 2015). Here, we describe dynamic changes in this complex that are triggered by d

• Family and twin studies have estimated the heritability of o

  2020-01-20

  

  Family and twin studies have estimated the heritability of obesity to be between 40 and 70% [5], [6], [7]. However, all known risk variants can only account for ∼3% of the variance in BMI [8], [9]. Therefore, alternate methods are needed to identify additional risk factors. In recent decades, Drosop

• Electron transport via DHODH activity will

  2020-01-20

  

  Electron transport via DHODH activity will allow the generation of mitochondrial ROS without the consumption of α-ketoglutarate or NADH. Glutamine-dependent flux through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation can also enable generation of mitochondrial ROS (Weinberg et al., 2010). The latter pr

• br General Characteristics of the

  2020-01-20

  

  General Characteristics of the Type II Dehydrogenases Alternative NAD(P)H dehydrogenases conduct the reaction of the rotenone-insensitive oxidation of cytosolic and mitochondrial matrix NADH and/or NADPH (Fig. 1) (Melo et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2004, Rasmusson et al., 2008). They catalyze t

• bromfenac In conclusion by investigating the cysteine protea

  2020-01-20

  

  In conclusion, by investigating the cysteine protease transcriptome in soybean nodules, we found a number of cysteine proteases belonging to the C1 and C13 families strongly up-regulated following drought exposure such as C1 cysteine protease Glyma.14G085800 and C13 cysteine proteases Glyma.17G23070

• Besides the regulation of the stress responses CRF and

  2020-01-20

  

  Besides the regulation of the stress responses, CRF and the urocortins have been implicated in drug addiction (Bruijnzeel and Gold, 2005, Sarnyai et al., 2001). For instance nicotine, the addictive substance of tobacco, can activate the HPA axis, just like any other stressor may do, although its imp

• Mass spectrometry has previously been used to examine the pr

  2020-01-20

  

  Mass spectrometry has previously been used to examine the presence of Hyp in recombinant collagen, using hydrolysates to identify the individual imino acid, equivalent to an amino Phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate synthesis analysis [33], and also by analysis of mass changes to tryptic peptides [34]. The pre

• rotenone During the first year of

  2020-01-20

  

  During the first year of life, there was no interaction between cholesterol precursors and cholestanol, suggesting that cholesterol homeostasis was not yet developed. From the age of 1 year, cholesterol homeostasis could be considered intact. According to Fig. 1, cholesterol rotenone prevailed chole

• Collagen type is the most abundant extracellular matrix ECM

  2020-01-20

  

  Collagen type 1 is the most abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) protein found in vertebrates. Collagen exerts its role as a load bearing structure and regulator of cell function, only after it has assembled into fibrils., The equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of collagen fibrils and

• Because sex steroids and growth hormone

  2020-01-20

  

  Because sex steroids and growth hormone play an important role in the development and maintenance of hepatic CYP450 enzyme expression and ER expression, it is possible that exposure to endocrine active agents during gestation and perinatally could alter expression of these proteins. Therefore, these

• br Enzyme catalysis A biochemically

  2020-01-19

  

  Enzyme catalysis A biochemically spontaneous process proceeds in a direction where free icilin of the system decreases. However, every spontaneous or energetically favorable reaction needs to overcome an energy barrier known as the activation energy barrier because of the formation of an unstabl

• Initially we ascertained that if the dose

  2020-01-19

  

  Initially, we ascertained that if the dose of elastase was sufficient to cause pulmonary emphysema, then pulmonary emphysema could be maintained throughout the study. We found that elastase at 3U was sufficient to cause emphysema that remained over 35 days. In this experimental design of lung diseas

• The IV chains of mature GBM are built exclusively by

  2020-01-19

  

  The α3/α4/α5(IV)-chains of mature GBM are built exclusively by podocytes (not by endothelial cells) (Abrahamson et al., 2009), placing the podocytes into the focus of GBM-diseases such as Alport syndrome. Alport syndrome (AS) is caused by mutations in the COL4A3, 4 or 5 genes coding for the α3/α4/α5

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